what to do with a torn calf muscle

• Definition
  • Ruptured Tendon Overview
• Causes
  • Ruptured Tendon Causes
• Symptoms & Signs
  • Ruptured Tendon Symptoms and Signs
  • When to Seek Medical Care
• Diagnosis
  • Ruptured Tendon Diagnosis
• Treatment
  • Ruptured Tendon Self-Care at Home
  • Ruptured Tendon Treatment
• Prevention
  • Ruptured Tendon Prevention
• Surgery
  • Ruptured Tendon Surgery
• Is It Curable?
  • Ruptured Tendon Prognosis
• Guide
  • Ruptured Tendon Topic Guide
  • Physician's Notes on Ruptured Tendon Symptoms

Ruptured Tendon Overview

Illustration of a tendon rupture

A tendon is the gristly tissue that attaches muscle to bone in the human trunk. The forces applied to a big tendon may exist more than 5 times the body weight. In some rare instances, tendons tin snap or rupture. Conditions that make a rupture more likely include the injection of steroids into a tendon, certain diseases (such as gout or hyperparathyroidism), and having type O blood.

Although fairly uncommon, a tendon rupture tin exist a serious problem and may result in excruciating pain and permanent disability if untreated. Each type of tendon rupture has its own signs and symptoms and can be treated either surgically or medically depending on the severity of the rupture and the confidence of the surgeon.

The four near common areas of tendon rupture are as follows:

• Quadriceps
  • A group of four muscles -- the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and the rectus femoris -- come up together just to a higher place the kneecap (patella) to form the patellar tendon.
  • Ofttimes called the quads, this group of muscles is used to extend the leg at the genu and aids in walking, running, and jumping.
• Achilles
  • This tendon is located on the dorsum (posterior) portion of the foot just above the heel. Information technology is the site of zipper of the dogie muscle (gastrocnemius musculus) to the heel of the foot (the calcaneus bone).
  • This tendon is vital for pushing off with the foot (this motility is known equally plantarflexion). The Achilles helps yous stand on your tiptoes and push button off when starting a foot race.
• Rotator cuff
  • The rotator gage is located in the shoulder and is actually composed of iv muscles: the supraspinatus (the most common tendon ruptured), infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
  • This group of muscles functions to enhance your arm out to the side, helps you rotate the arm, and keeps your shoulder from popping out of its socket.
  • The rotator cuff tendon is one of the near common areas in the body affected by tendon injury. Some autopsy studies have shown that eight%-20% have rotator cuff tears.
• Biceps
  • The biceps muscle of the arm functions as a flexor of the elbow. This muscle brings the mitt toward the shoulder by bending at the elbow.
  • Ruptures of the biceps are classified into proximal (close) and distal (far) types. Distal ruptures are extremely rare. The proximal rupture is at the attachment of the biceps at the tiptop of the shoulder.

Ruptured Tendon Causes

In general, tendon rupture occurs in a middle-aged or older man. In the young, musculus tissue ordinarily tears before the attached tendon volition tear. Just in older people and in those with certain diseases (such as gout and hyperparathyroidism), tendon rupture may occur.

• General causes of tendon rupture
  • Straight trauma
  • Avant-garde age: As we age, our claret supply decreases. This decreased blood supply to the tendon results in weakness of the affected tendon.
  • Eccentric loading: When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon.
  • Steroid injection into tendon: This treatment is sometimes used for severe tendonitis.
  • Medications: Quinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxin (Cipro) and levofloxin (Levaquin), have been associated with tendon ruptures.
• Quadriceps tendon rupture
  • Straight trauma to the knee just above the patella (kneecap)
  • Advanced age resulting in decreased claret supply to the inside of the tendon
  • Combination of quadriceps wrinkle and stretching of the muscle (eccentric loading)
• Achilles tendon
  • Advanced age resulting in decreased claret supply to the within of the tendon
  • Strenuous physical activity by those who are not well conditioned
  • Direct trauma
  • Unexpected forcing of the sole of your pes upward (dorsiflexion of the ankle) as in landing on your feet after jumping from a elevation
  • Excessive strain while pushing off with weight-begetting foot
  • Having grouping O blood type (This is a controversial cause-and-result relationship.)
• Rotator cuff tendon rupture (nearly commonly to the supraspinatus)
  • Lifting a heavy object overhead
  • Directly trauma
  • Attempting to suspension a autumn with an outstretched hand
• Biceps tendon rupture
  • Forced flexion of the arm
  • Traumatic rupture ordinarily occurs when lifting 150 pounds or more
  • Advanced age resulting in gradual weakening of the tendon
  • May occur spontaneously

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Ruptured Tendon Symptoms and Signs

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• An injury that is associated with the following signs or symptoms may exist a tendon rupture.
  • A snap or pop that y'all hear or feel
  • Astringent hurting
  • Rapid or firsthand bruising
  • Marked weakness
  • Disability to use the affected arm or leg
  • Disability to move the surface area involved
  • Inability to acquit weight
  • Deformity of the area
• Symptoms associated with specific injuries
  • Quadriceps rupture: Yous volition exist unable to extend the articulatio genus completely
  • Achilles tendon rupture: You lot will be unable to support yourself on your tiptoes on the afflicted leg (you may be able to flex your toes downward because supporting muscles are intact).
  • Rotator cuff rupture: You will exist unable to bring your arm out to the side.
  • Biceps tendon rupture: You volition accept decreased strength of elbow flexion and decreased ability to raise the arm out to the side when the hand is turned palm up.

When to Seek Medical Care

Call a doctor if you hear or feel a snap or pop, have astringent hurting, rapid or firsthand bruising after an blow, and are unable to use the affected arm or leg. You lot may take a tendon rupture.

Visit the hospital's emergency department whenever an injury occurs that produces severe pain and is accompanied by a pop or snap. Weakness, disability to movement the area involved, inability to behave weight, and deformity of the area are other key symptoms that require a visit to the emergency department.

Considering you know your body the best, if something appears to exist serious to you, information technology is commonly the best form to have an evaluation.

Ruptured Tendon Diagnosis

Tendon rupture is usually diagnosed using a concrete examination. Any imaging is done to confirm the diagnosis and make up one's mind the severity of the rupture.

• Quadriceps
  • X-rays oftentimes show that the patella (kneecap) is lower than its normal position on a side view of the knee joint.
  • Using an MRI, your doctor can tell whether your rupture is fractional or consummate.
• Achilles tendon
  • Your doctor may practise a Thompson examination. In this examination, your doctor will have you lot kneel on a chair and dangle your foot over the edge. The dr. will then squeeze your dogie in a detail place. If the toes on your human foot don't point downwards when the doctor squeezes, then you probably take a ruptured Achilles tendon.
  • In a exam chosen the blood pressure cuff test, your doc will place a blood pressure cuff on your dogie. The cuff is and so inflated to 100 mm Hg. The doctor will and so move your pes into a toes-upwardly position. If your tendon is intact, it will cause the pressure to rise to about 140 mm Hg. If you have a tendon rupture, the pressure will increment simply a small corporeality.
  • You may be able to flex your foot downward because your supporting muscles are intact. You will exist unable to back up yourself on your tiptoes on the afflicted side, nonetheless.
  • X-rays taken from the side may prove darkening of the triangular fatty tissue-filled space in front of the Achilles tendon or thickening of the tendon.
  • MRI or ultrasound may exist used to determine the severity of the rupture, although these tests are usually not needed to brand the diagnosis.
• Rotator cuff
  • You will be unable to initiate bringing your arm out to the side.
  • Your doctor may practice a drop arm examination. In this test, your arm is passively raised to xc degrees, and you are asked to concur your arm at this position. If you take a rotator cuff rupture, slight pressure on the forearm will cause y'all to suddenly drib the arm.
  • X-rays may show that the long os in your upper arm (the humerus) is slightly out of place.
  • Shoulder arthrography is near helpful in identifying a suspected rotator cuff tear. In this test, a dye that shows up on X-rays is injected directly into the shoulder joint, and the joint is and then moved around. So an X-ray of the shoulder is taken. If any dye is seen leaking from the joint, then information technology is highly likely that y'all have a ruptured rotator gage.
  • MRI provides a noninvasive means of assessing the integrity of the rotator gage although it is more than plush and not as specific every bit arthrography.
• Biceps
  • X-rays may testify that your upper arm bone is out of place or that the site of muscle attachment has changed.
  • If your biceps tendon is completely ruptured, the biceps retracts toward the elbow causing a swelling simply to a higher place the crease in your arm. This is called the Popeye deformity.
  • You lot will experience decreased force of elbow flexion and arm supination (moving the mitt palm upwardly).
  • You will have decreased ability to raise the arm out to the side when the hand is turned palm up.

Ruptured Tendon Self-Care at Home

All ruptured tendons, regardless of site, follow standard RICE (rest, water ice, compression, pinnacle) abode therapy process as you seek medical attention.

• Resting the afflicted extremity
• Water ice application to the affected expanse
  • Utilize ice in a plastic pocketbook wrapped in a towel or with a reusable cold pack wrapped in a towel.
  • Applying ice direct to the skin because may lead to further impairment if left on for a prolonged menstruum of time.
• Compression of the affected area to minimize swelling
  • Apply compression by loosely wrapping the affected area with an ACE bandage.
  • Exist sure that the bandage does non cut off blood flow to the area in question.
• Elevation of the extremity if possible: Try to keep the area above the level of your heart to minimize swelling.
• Information technology is recommended that the quadriceps rupture should be immobilized in an extended (directly knee) position and that biceps rupture should be immobilized in a sling with the elbow bent at 90 degrees.

Ruptured Tendon Treatment

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• Quadriceps
  • Partial tears may be treated without surgery past placing your direct leg in a bandage or immobilized for four to six weeks.
  • Once y'all are able to raise the affected leg without discomfort for 10 days, it is safety to slowly stop the immobilization.
• Achilles tendon
  • Treatment without surgery involves placing your human foot so that the sole of the foot is pointed downward for four to viii weeks.
  • This treatment has been advocated by some because it gives like results to surgery in motion and strength. The trouble with this treatment is that it has a high re-rupture charge per unit. It may even so be a reasonable choice for those who are at increased operative take a chance because of historic period or medical problems or inactive people who may tolerate balmy weakness in supporting weight on the ball of their foot (called plantar flexion).
• Rotator cuff
  • The rotator gage is unique considering treatment without surgery is the treatment of selection in well-nigh tendon injuries. Most tendon injuries are long-term in nature, and many chronic rupture symptoms go away without surgery.
  • In dissimilarity, acute rupture, as occurs with trauma, may or may not be repaired surgically depending on the severity of the tear.
  • If the tear is less than 50% of the cuff thickness or less than 1 cm in size, the dead tissue is removed arthroscopically. A small incision is fabricated and a tool called an arthroscope is passed into the articulation. Through it, the surgeon can see and remove dead tissue without actually cutting the joint open up. The shoulder is and so left to heal.
• Biceps
  • Most surgeons prefer not to operate on a ruptured biceps tendon because the role is non severely dumb with its rupture.
  • Studies propose that after biceps rupture, only a small fraction of elbow flexion is lost and in that location is approximately x%-20% strength reduction in supination (ability to turn the hand palm upwards). This is considered to be a moderate loss and not worth the risk of surgery in middle-aged and older people.

Ruptured Tendon Prevention

To forbid future tears, avoid the crusade of the ruptured tendon or treat the trouble that led to the tear.

Ruptured Tendon Surgery

• Quadriceps
  • Unless the doctor is sure that the injury is a partial tear, surgery will exist done to repair the tendon.
  • Later on your operation, you volition exist placed in a cast or immobilizer equally if y'all had a partial tear.
  • With physical therapy, your injured leg should be upward to speed with your noninjured leg in six months.
• Achilles tendon
  • Surgery to repair your Achilles tendon is recommended for agile people who desire near-normal strength and power in plantarflexion. An additional advantage of surgical correction is a lower re-rupture rate of the tendon.
  • After your operation, your foot volition be immobilized with your toes pointing downward for three to four weeks and then progressively brought into a neutral position over two to three weeks before weight-begetting is started. Surgery carries with it a higher take chances of infection than closed treatment.
• Rotator gage
  • Many surgeons will not attempt surgical repair until nonoperative treatment has failed, fifty-fifty in cases of larger tears.
  • Surgical treatment is usually reserved for a severe tear in a young person or in an older person (60-70 years of age) who is suddenly unable to externally rotate their arm.
  • Acromioplasty, removal of the coracoacromial ligament, and repair of the rotator cuff tendon, usually results in almost full rotator gage strength.
• Biceps
  • In young people unwilling to accept the loss of function and mild deformity involved with this injury, surgery is performed to repair the tendon.
  • Surgery is likewise considered for the centre-aged person who requires total supination strength in their line of work.
  • You should leave your arm in a sling for a few days after surgery and then begin to use the affected arm as tolerated. Afterwards surgery, your elbow flexion and arm supination are nearly normal in most 12 weeks.

Ruptured Tendon Prognosis

The prognosis for both surgery and nonsurgical treatment varies with the location and severity of the rupture.

Surgical repair, in concert with additional physical therapy, tin result in a render to normal force. Nonoperative repair has also shown promise in tendon ruptures.

Nonoperative handling is most effective in partial tendon ruptures. The drawback of nonoperative treatment is that strength is not equally reliably returned to baseline with this type of treatment. The benefits include a decreased risk of infection and by and large shorter recovery time.

From

What are the symptoms of tendon injury?

Tendinopathy usually causes pain, stiffness, and loss of strength in the afflicted area.

• The pain may go worse when you lot apply the tendon.
• Y'all may have more hurting and stiffness during the night or when you get up in the morning.
• The area may be tender, red, warm, or swollen if there is inflammation.
• You lot may notice a crunchy sound or feeling when y'all utilize the tendon.

The symptoms of a tendon injury can be a lot like those caused by bursitis.

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Source: https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ruptured_tendon/article_em.htm

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